By Stephen Beech via SWNS
Air pollution may trigger autism, suggests new research.
Scientists have uncovered “complex” links between air pollutants and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, in a landmark study.
The findings indicate that exposure to air pollution during critical developmental periods may “significantly” increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Up to three in 200 people (1.5%) worldwide are autistic, according to official estimates.
The new study reveals how common air pollutants, including fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, can trigger “complex” biological cascades affecting how the young brain develops.
Senior author Professor Haitham Amal, from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel, said: “Different kinds of neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, can be associated with this environmental factor.
“The timing of exposure appears crucial, with heightened vulnerability during prenatal development and early childhood when critical neurodevelopmental processes occur.”
The study, published in the journal Brain Medicine, identifies several key pathways through which air pollutants may influence ASD development.
These include nitrosative stress orchestrated by nitric oxide; neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; disruption of neurotransmitter systems; epigenetic modifications; endocrine system interference and metabolic pathway dysregulation.
The researchers say that of “particular concern” is the finding that smaller particles – especially PM2.5 as well as nitric oxide products – can cross the placenta and affect fetal brain development.
It raises important questions about protective measures for pregnant women in highly polluted areas, according to the study.
Amal said: “The research suggests that individuals with genetic predisposition to ASD may be more vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution exposure.
“This interaction between genetic and environmental factors opens new avenues for understanding ASD’s complex etiology.”
He added: “My lab has shown that NO plays a major role in ASD.
“However, this study emphasizes the critical role of this molecule and its derivatives on the brain.”
The study also highlights “promising” directions for biomarker development, potentially enabling early identification of at-risk youngsters.
The research team says more comprehensive studies examining the combined effects of multiple pollutants, particularly during specific developmental windows, are needed.
